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Sir, while converting data into OFDM signal , it is observed that Subcarrier index is used. Inthis for standndard 802.11a , 64 subcarriers are used ,of which 52 is for data. The subcarrier index used is -26 to +26 . I want to know Why it is used so? Why 0 is not included in this.

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i subscribed dsplog but i didn’t get BER e-book. i received the mail to download the book but its not working. Kindly send me.

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Hello Krishna,
I have referred your example on first order PLL for constant phase tracking.It was very useful.
http://www.dsplog.com/2007/06/10/first-order-digital-pll-for-tracking-constant-phase-offset/
But in the example a complex carrier is being used at the transmitter and receiver.Practically , when I use a cosine carrier at Tx. and cosine,sine carriers at Rx.(as in costas loop) , can the same loop filter be used ?
I have tried to simulate the above situation in the following script but was unable to estimate the phase. Please help me……….

% MODULATION

clc;
clear all;
close all;

[b,a] = butter(1,0.0156,’low’); % low pass filter to remove
nterm_i = 0; % double frequency component
dterm_i = 0;
nterm_q = 0;
dterm_q = 0;

n_sym = 10; % number of symbols
fs = 12.8e6;
t = 0:1/fs:100e-6 – 1/fs;
fc = fs/8; % carrier freuency
theta = 70*pi/180; % phase offset
r = 0.1e6; % symbol rate
oversamp = fs/r;
sym = randint(n_sym,1)*2-1;
in = 0;
for ind=1:1:n_sym
tmp(1:oversamp) = sym(ind);
in = [in tmp];
end
tx = in(2:end);
tx_carrier = cos(2*pi*fc*t + theta);

tx_out = tx.*tx_carrier;

% first order pll
alpha = 0.05;
phiHat = 0;

for ii = 1:1:length(t)

% Remove carrier
rx_i(ii) = tx_out(ii)*cos(2*pi*fc*t(ii) + phiHat);
rx_q(ii) = tx_out(ii)*sin(2*pi*fc*t(ii) + phiHat);

% low-pass IIR filter for I-channel
iir_in_i(ii) = rx_i(ii);
iir_out_i(ii) = b(1)*iir_in_i(ii)+ nterm_i + dterm_i;
nterm_i = b(2)*iir_in_i(ii);
dterm_i = a(2)*iir_out_i(ii);

% low-pass IIR filter for Q-channel
iir_in_q(ii) = rx_q(ii);
iir_out_q(ii) = b(1)*iir_in_q(ii)+ nterm_q + dterm_q;
nterm_q = b(2)*iir_in_q(ii);
dterm_q = a(2)*iir_out_q(ii);

% demodulating circuit
xHat = 2*(iir_out_i(ii)>0) -1 ; % symbol estimate
phiHatT =angle(conj(xHat)*rx_i(ii)); % phase error estimate angle(iir_out_i(ii) + i*iir_out_q(ii));%

% accumulation
phiHat = alpha*phiHatT + phiHat; % phase accumulator output
% dumping variables for plot
phiHatDump(ii) = phiHat;
end

plot(phiHatDump*180/pi,’-');

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hello krishna,

i m making code for PTS scheme for PAPR reduction. i m facing some problems in that……
1. how to implement oversampling in ofdm?
2. how do we calculate CCDF for PAPR calculation?

thanx in advance.

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How do I get access to the download site for the e-book?

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hi krishna sir

I saw ur example of ber -bpsk-rayleigh channel but i need the the qpsk for the rician channel I dont know coding sir so please help me sir give some hints where to change thats enough for me sir .please sir

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