16-QAM

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Symbol Error rate for QAM (16, 64, 256,.., M-QAM)

by Krishna Sankar on January 1, 2012

plot_symbol_error_rate_16qam_64qam_256qam_ofdm_awgn

In May 2008, we derived the theoretical symbol error rate for a general M-QAM modulation (in  Embedded.com, DSPDesignLine.com and dsplog.com) under Additive White Gaussian Noise. While re-reading that post, felt that the article is nice and warrants a [...]

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Softbit for 16QAM

by Krishna Sankar on July 5, 2009

Gray coded 16QAM bit mapping for bit b1

In the post on Soft Input Viterbi decoder, we had discussed BPSK modulation with convolutional coding and soft input Viterbi decoding in AWGN channel. Let us know discuss the derivation of soft bits for 16QAM [...]

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