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by Krishna Sankar on January 1, 2012
In May 2008, we derived the theoretical symbol error rate for a general M-QAM modulation (in Embedded.com, DSPDesignLine.com and dsplog.com) under Additive White Gaussian Noise. While re-reading that post, felt that the article is nice and warrants a [...]
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by Krishna Sankar on July 20, 2010
In TETRA specifications, one of the modulation technique used is Differential 8 Phase Shift Keying (D8PSK). We will discuss the bit error rate with non-coherent demodulation of D8PSK in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.
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by Krishna Sankar on April 12, 2010
In TETRA specifications, one of the modulation technique used is Differential Quaternary Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK). We will discuss the bit error rate with non-coherent demodulation of DQPSK in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.
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by Krishna Sankar on July 5, 2009
In the post on Soft Input Viterbi decoder, we had discussed BPSK modulation with convolutional coding and soft input Viterbi decoding in AWGN channel. Let us know discuss the derivation of soft bits for 16QAM [...]
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by Krishna Sankar on June 16, 2009
In a post on Minimum Shift Keying (MSK), we had discussed that MSK uses two frequencies which are separated by and phase discontinuity is avoided in symbol boundaries. In that post, we had discussed MSK [...]
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by Krishna Sankar on January 22, 2009
This is a guest post by Jose Antonio Urigüen who is an Electrical and Electronic Engineer currently studying an MSc in Communications and Signal Processing at Imperial College in London. This guest post has been [...]
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by Krishna Sankar on October 1, 2008
We have quite a few articles discussing bit and symbol error rates for popular digital modulation schemes in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. This post summarizes the articles discussing the theoretical and simulated error [...]
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by Krishna Sankar on August 10, 2008
Long back in time we discussed the BER (bit error rate) for BPSK modulation in a simple AWGN channel (time stamps states August 2007). Almost an year back! It high time we discuss the BER [...]
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by Krishna Sankar on July 8, 2008
I have written another article in DSPDesginLine.com. This article can be treated as the third post in the series aimed at understanding Shannon’s capacity equation. For the first two posts in the series are: 1. [...]
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by Krishna Sankar on June 5, 2008
Let us derive the theoretical 16QAM bit error rate (BER) with Gray coded constellation mapping in additive white Gaussian noise conditions. Further, the Matlab/Octave simulation script can be used to confirm that the simulation is [...]
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by Krishna Sankar on June 1, 2008
In the previous post on Binary to Gray code conversion for PSK, I had claimed that “for a general M-QAM modulation the binary to Gray code conversion is bit more complicated“. However following a closer [...]
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by Krishna Sankar on May 24, 2008
Its been a nice week for me, wherein I guest posted an article in DSPDesignLine.com. The article derives the theoretical symbol error rate for M-QAM modulation. The theoretical results are further supplemented by Matlab/Octave simulation [...]
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by Krishna Sankar on May 18, 2008
In this post, let us derive the theoretical bit error probability for 16PSK modulation using Gray coded mapping. For deriving the equation, we will refer material from the following posts: (a) Symbol Error Rate for [...]
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by Krishna Sankar on May 12, 2008
Given that we have discussed Binary to Gray code conversion, let us discuss the Gray to BInary conversion. Conversion from Gray code to natural Binary Let be the equivalent Gray code for an bit binary [...]
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